Cholestriol

NPN:

80085419

Quantity:

60 Softgels

Product Type:

CoQ10, Vitamin E

Cautions & Warnings:

Consult a physician prior to use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, if you are taking blood pressure medication or if you are taking blood thinners. In case of accidental overdose, contact a physician or a poison control centre. Keep out of reach of children.

Biogenique Structurally Active-Orthogenic (SAO) technology

Vitamin B6 must be obtained from the diet and supplements because humans cannot synthesize it. There are three traditionally considered forms of vitamin B6: pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM). The phosphate ester derivative pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) is the principal coenzyme form. SAO technology in Biogenique vitamin B-6 supplements stimulates the production of PLP in the human body, promoting the function of approximately 100 enzymes that catalyze essential chemical reactions. Our research says, pyridoxine deficiency in adults principally affects the peripheral nerves, skin, mucous membranes and circulatory (blood cell) system. Deficiency can occur in people with uremia, alcoholism, cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism, malabsorption syndromes, congestive heart failure (CHF) and also in those taking certain medications. 

SAO Analysis - Pyridoxine functions:

Nervous system function
In the brain, the synthesis of several neurotransmitters, enzymes and chemicals that carry signals from one nerve cell to another is catalyzed by a PLP-dependent enzyme. Vitamin B6 helps in production of hormones like serotonin, epinephrine and melatonin which influence our mood, appetite, body clock (sleep patterns) and sensitivity to pain. 

Red blood cell formation
PLP functions as a coenzyme in the synthesis of heme, an iron-containing component of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells and is essential to transport oxygen throughout the body. PLP are able to bind to the hemoglobin molecule and affects its ability to pick up and release oxygen. 

Niacin (vitamin B3) formation
The human requirement of another B vitamin, niacin, can be met in part by conversion of the essential amino acid, tryptophan, to niacin with the help of coenzyme PLP. Thus adequate vitamin B6 decreases the requirement for dietary niacin 

Scientific Evidence

Pyridoxine deficiency/ neuritis

Pyridoxine supplements are effective for preventing and treating pyridoxine deficiency and neuritis due to inadequate dietary intake, certain disease states or deficiency induced by drugs such as isoniazid (INZ) or penicillamine. Dietary supplements should be taken under the guidance of a qualified health care provider. 

Depression

Because a key enzyme in the synthesis of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine is PLP-dependent, it has been suggested that vitamin B6 deficiency can lead to depression. Vitamin B6 supplementation may have a therapeutic efficacy in premenopausal women. It may even benefit people in dysphoric mental states. 

Morning sickness (Nausea and Vomiting during pregnancy)

Vitamin B 6 supplements have been used for years by conventional physicians as a treatment for morning sickness. A total of 342 pregnant women were given placebo or 30 mg of vitamin B 6 daily. Subjects then graded their symptoms by noting the severity of their nausea and recording the number of vomiting episodes. The women in the B 6 group experienced significantly less nausea than those in the placebo group, suggesting that regular use of B 6 can be helpful for morning sickness. 

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

A more recent review of 25 studies suggested that supplementing vitamin B6 orally, up to 100mg/day, helps to relieve the symptoms of PMS such as mastalgia (breast pain or tenderness), PMS-related depression/moodiness, that begin sometime after ovulation (mid-cycle) and subside with the onset of menstruation (the monthly period). 

Cardiovascular disease / hyperhomocysteinemia

Hyperhomocysteinemia (high homocysteine levels in the blood) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, blood clotting abnormalities, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (heart attack) and ischemic stroke. Decreased pyridoxine concentrations are also associated with increased plasma levels of C-reactive proteins (CRP). CRP is an indicator of inflammation that is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity in epidemiologic studies. Several observational studies have demonstrated that vitamin B6 supplementation was effective in lowering blood homocysteine levels after an oral dose of methionine (methionine load test) was given, suggesting vitamin B6 may play a role in the metabolism of homocysteine after meals. 

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome causes numbness, pain and weakness of the hand and fingers due to compression of the median nerve at the wrist. Several studies suggested that vitamin B6 status was low in individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome and that supplementation with 100-200 mg/day over several months was beneficial. A recent study in men not taking vitamin B6 supplements found that decreased blood levels of PLP were associated with increased pain, tingling, and nocturnal wakening, all symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. 

Alzheimer’s disease prevention

Hyperhomocysteinemia (high homocysteine levels in the blood) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Taking pyridoxine supplements alone or in combination with folic acid has been shown to be effective for lowering homocysteine levels. Further research is needed before a conclusion can be made. 

Hereditary sideroblastic anemia

Hereditary sideroblastic anemia is an X-linked disorder that prevents normal red blood cell function. Pyridoxine supplements are effective for treating this condition under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider. 

Akathisia (movement disorder)

Some prescription drugs called neuroleptics, which are used in certain psychiatric conditions, may cause movement disorders as an unwanted side effect. Vitamin B6 has been studied for the treatment of acute neuroleptic-induced akathisia (NIA) in schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorder patients. Preliminary results indicate that high doses of vitamin B6 supplements may be useful additions to the available treatments for NIA, perhaps due to its combined effects on various neurotransmitter systems. 

Tardive dyskinesia (Involuntary movements)

A neurological disorder resulting in slow, involuntary and repetitive body movements; frequently appearing after long-term or high-dose use of antipsychotic drugs. Pyridoxine has some antioxidant effects, which theoretically may benefit patients with tardive dyskinesia. Results from a small high-quality trial suggest a benefit of vitamin B6 supplements on symptoms of tardive dyskinesia. 

Selected references

1. McCormick D. Vitamin B6. In: Bowman B, Russell R, eds. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. 9th ed. Washington, DC: International Life Sciences Institute; 2006.

2. Albert CM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, et al. Effect of folic acid and B vitamins on risk of cardiovascular events and total mortality among women at high risk for cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial. JAMA 2008 May 7; 299(17):2027-36.

3. Homocysteine Lowering Trialists' Collaboration. Dose-dependent effects of folic acid on blood concentrations of homocysteine: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct; 82(4):806-12.

4. Miodownik C, Lerner V, Vishne T, et al. High-dose vitamin B6 decreases homocysteine serum levels in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders: a preliminary study. Clin Neuropharmacol 2007 Jan-Feb; 30(1):13-7.

5. Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, et al. Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 on clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention: the Swiss Heart study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 8-28-2002; 288(8):973-979.

6. Sharma P, Kulshreshtha S, Singh GM, et al. Role of bromocriptine and pyridoxine in premenstrual tension syndrome. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2007 Oct-Dec; 51(4):368-74.

7. Whelan AM, Jurgens TM, Naylor H. Herbs, vitamins and minerals in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review. Can J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Fall; 16(3):e407-29.

8. Trabetti E. Homocysteine, MTHFR gene polymorphisms, and cardio-cerebrovascular risk. J Appl Genet 2008; 49(3):267-82.

9. Selhub J. Public health significance of elevated homocysteine. Food Nutr Bull 2008 Jun; 29(2 Suppl):S116-25.

10. Matthews A, Dowswell T, Haas DM, Doyle M, O'Mathúna DP. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Sep 8 ;(9):CD007575. 

I)Higher intake of vitamin B-6 and dairy products and lower intake of green and oolong tea are independently associated with lower serum homocysteine concentration in young Japanese women. Collaborators (36)

Source

Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom. k.murakami@ulster.ac.uk 

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the relation of modifiable dietary factors to circulating homocysteine concentrations, particularly in young adults and non-Western populations. We investigated the hypothesis that intakes of nutrients and foods are associated with serum homocysteine concentration in a group of young Japanese women. This cross-sectional study included 1050 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18 to 22 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated, self-administered, comprehensive diet history questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were collected, and serum homocysteine concentrations were measured. Adjustment was made for survey year, region, municipality level, current smoking, current alcohol drinking, dietary supplement use, physical activity, body mass index, energy intake, and intakes of other nutrients or foods. After adjustment for nondietary confounding factors, intakes of all B vitamins (folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and riboflavin) were inversely associated with homocysteine concentration. However, only vitamin B-6 remained significant after further adjustment for other B vitamins. Marine-origin n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake showed an inverse association, but this was not independent of intakes of B vitamins. For foods, pulses, fish and shellfish, and vegetables were independently and inversely associated with homocysteine concentration, but these associations disappeared after adjustment for intakes of other foods. Conversely, an inverse association for dairy products and a positive association for green and oolong tea remained even after adjustment for other foods. To conclude, in a group of young Japanese women, higher intake of vitamin B-6 and dairy products and lower intake of green and oolong tea were independently associated with lower serum homocysteine concentration. 

II)Pyridoxine hydrochloride treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a review. Aufiero E, Stitik TP, Foye PM, Chen B.

Source

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. 

ABSTRACT

It has been hypothesized that idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a manifestation of vitamin B6 deficiency. Some claim that B6supplementation can alleviate symptoms. Others argue that pain relief occurs because of vitamin B6's anti-nociceptive properties or because B6supplementation addresses an unrecognized peripheral neuropathy. Few studies on CTS and B6 employed electrodiagnostic techniques in diagnosis, and few showed a correlation between symptoms and improved electrodiagnostic parameters with supplementation. Other studies failed to measure or estimate B6 levels. Nevertheless, it appears reasonable to recommend vitamin B6 supplementation to people with CTS. Some patients will improve symptomatically with low risks of toxicity in recommended doses. 

III)) Efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review. Wyatt KM, Dimmock PW, Jones PW, Shaughn O'Brien PM.

ABSTRACT 

OBJECTIVE: 

To evaluate the efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. 

DESIGN: 

Systematic review of published and unpublished randomized placebo controlled trials of the effectiveness of vitamin B-6 in the management of premenstrual syndrome. 

SUBJECTS: 

Nine published trials representing 940 patients with premenstrual syndrome. 

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 

Proportion of women whose overall premenstrual symptoms showed an improvement over placebo. A secondary analysis was performed on the proportion of women whose premenstrual depressive symptoms showed an improvement over placebo. 

RESULTS: 

Odds ratio relative to placebo for an improvement in overall premenstrual symptoms was 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.95 to 2.54). Odds ratio relative to placebo for an improvement in depressive symptoms was 1.69 (1.39 to 2.06) from four trials representing 541 patients. 

CONCLUSION: 

Conclusions are limited by the low quality of most of the trials included. Results suggest that doses of vitamin B-6 up to 100 mg/day are likely to be of benefit in treating premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual depression. 

Comment in:

ACP J Club. 1999 Nov-Dec; 131(3):60 

IV) Review: Vitamin B6: Deficiency diseases and methods of analysis.

Source

Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi, Pakistan. 

ABSTRACT

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is closely associated with the functions of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. It also participates in the metabolic processes of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. Pyridoxine deficiency may result in neurological disorders including convulsions and epileptic encephalopathy and may lead to infant abnormalities. The Intravenous administration of pyridoxine to patients results in a dramatic cessation of seizures. A number of analytical methods were developed for the determination of pyridoxine in different dosage forms, food materials and biological fluids. These include UV spectrometric, spectrofluorimetric, mass spectrometric, thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatographic, electrophoretic, electrochemical and enzymatic methods. Most of these methods are capable of determining pyridoxine in the presence of other vitamins and complex systems in µg quantities. The development and applications of these methods in pharmaceutical and clinical analysis mostly during the last decade have been reviewed. 

V) [Vitamins and oxidative stress]. Kodentsova VM, Vrzhesinskaia OA, Mazo VK.

ABSTRACT

The central and local stress limiting systems, including the antioxidant defense system involved in defending the organism at the cellular and systemic levels from excess activation response to stress influence, leading to damaging effects. The development of stress, regardless of its nature [cold, increased physical activity, aging, the development of many pathologies (cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, ischemia, the effects of burns), immobilization, hypobaric hypoxia, hyperoxia, radiation effects etc.] leads to a deterioration of the vitamin status (vitamins E, A, C). Damaging effect on the antioxidant defense system is more pronounced compared to the stress response in animals with an isolated deficiency of vitamins C, A, E, B1 or B6 and the combined vitamins deficiency in the diet. Addition missing vitamin or vitamins restores the performance of antioxidant system. Thus, the role of vitamins in adaptation to stressors is evident. However, vitamins C, E and beta-carotene in high doses, significantly higher than the physiological needs of the organism, may be not only antioxidants, but may have also prooxidant properties. Perhaps this explains the lack of positive effects of antioxidant vitamins used in extreme doses for a long time described in some publications. There is no doubt that to justify the current optimal doses of antioxidant vitamins and other dietary antioxidants specially-designed studies, including biochemical testing of initial vitamin and antioxidant status of the organism, as well as monitoring their change over time are required. 

VI) Systematic administration of B vitamins attenuates neuropathic hyperalgesia and reduces spinal neuron injury following temporary spinal cord ischemia in rats. Institute of Neurosciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: 

B vitamins have been demonstrated to be effective in treating chronic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. We investigated whether B vitamins could alleviate neuropathic pain and reduce neuron injury following temporary ischemia in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII). 

METHODS: 

SCII was produced by transiently blocking the unilateral lumbar arteries in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Behavioral and neurochemical signs of neuropathic pain and spinal neuron injury were analyzed with and without B vitamin treatment. 

RESULTS: 

SCII caused behavioral thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia and neurochemical alterations, including increased expression of the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) and induction of c-Fos, as well as activation of the astrocytes and microglial cells in the spinal cord. Repetitive systemic administration of vitamin B complex (B1/B6/B12 at 33/33/0.5 mg/kg, i.p., daily, for 7-14 consecutive days) significantly reduced thermal hyperalgesia and the increased expression of VR1 and c-Fos, as well as activation of the astrocytes and microglial cells. SCII caused a dramatic decrease of the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65), which synthesizes γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the axonal terminals, and β-III-tubulin, and also caused loss of Nissl bodies in the spinal cord. These alterations were largely prevented and rescued by the B vitamin treatment. 

CONCLUSION: 

These findings support the idea that the B vitamins are capable of neuroprotection and antinociception during spinal cord injury due to temporary ischemia. Rescuing the loss of inhibitory GABAergic tone may reduce spinal central sensitization and contribute to B vitamin-induced analgesia.