OsteoDoctor

NPN:

80085975

Quantity:

100 VegeCaps

Product Type:

Glucosamine, Chondroitin, +

Cautions & Warnings:

Consult a physician if symptoms worsen, or prior to use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Some people may experience mild gastrointestinal disturbances or hypersensitivity. In any case, discontinue use. Keep out of reach of children.

Background

Zinc is an essential trace mineral, next to iron found in body. It is necessary for the functioning of different enzymes and plays a vital role in a large number of biological processes. Zinc is a cofactor for the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in a number of enzymatic reactions involved in carbohydrate and protein metabolism.

Biogenique Structurally Active-Orthogenic (SAO) technology

Biogenique SAO technology formulates Zinc with biologically active form zinc fumarate. Zinc fumarate has completely overcome the defect of inorganic zinc. This form is readily absorbed by the body. Precautions are taken at every step of preparation of zinc formula and is free from contamination from other toxic metals.
SAO technology establishes a higher caliber of science for better quality research and formulation. It makes sure that the compounds are delivered on their potential to create effectiveness. 

SAO Analysis

Numerous aspects of cellular metabolism are zinc-dependent. On the cellular level, the function of zinc can be divided into three categories: 1) catalytic, 2) structural, and 3) regulatory 
Catalytic role
Over 300 different enzymes depend on zinc for their ability to catalyze vital chemical reactions. Zinc-dependent enzymes can be found in all known classes of enzymes 

Structural role

Zinc plays an important role in the structure of proteins and cell membranes. A finger-like structure, known as a zinc finger motif, stabilizes the structure of a number of proteins. For example, copper provides the catalytic activity for the antioxidant enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), while zinc plays a critical structural role. The structure and function of cell membranes are also affected by zinc. Loss of zinc from biological membranes increases their susceptibility to oxidative damage and impairs their function.

Regulatory role

Zinc finger proteins have been found to regulate gene expression by acting as transcription factors (binding to DNA and influencing the transcription of specific genes). Zinc also plays a role in cell signaling and has been found to influence hormone release and nerve impulse transmission. Zinc has been found to play a role in apoptosis (gene-directed cell death), a critical cellular regulatory process with implications for growth and development, as well as a number of chronic diseases. 

Scientific Evidence

Acne vulgaris 

Based on high-quality studies, topical or oral use of zinc seems to be a safe and effective treatment for acne vulgaris. However, some studies report no or negative effects of zinc. Additionally, many studies used combination treatments. 

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) t

Early studies have shown a correlation between low serum free fatty acids and zinc serum levels in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. For children who have low levels of zinc, some evidence suggests that taking zinc may cause a slight improvement in symptoms, reducing hyperactivity, impulsivity, and impaired socialization in children. However, there was no change in attention deficit symptom. Zinc may be most helpful to children with a high body mass index, low levels of free fatty acids in their blood, and low levels of zinc. 

Vitamin A

Zinc and vitamin A interact in several ways. Zinc is a component of retinol-binding protein, a protein necessary for transporting vitamin A in the blood. Zinc is also required for the enzyme that converts retinol (vitamin A) to retinal. This latter form of vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of rhodopsin, a protein in the eye that absorbs light and thus is involved in dark adaptation. Zinc deficiency is associated with decreased release of vitamin A from the liver, which may contribute to symptoms of night blindness that are seen with zinc deficiency. 

Immune function 

Zinc appears to be an essential trace element for the immune system, but research on the effect of zinc supplementation on immune function is scant and mostly focuses on patients with specific diseases. 

Alopecia areata (hair loss)

A few studies that examined the efficacy of zinc in treating alopecia reported conflicting results. Additional information is needed before a conclusion can be made. 

Burns 

Studies of zinc sulfate supplements given to burn victims to increase healing rate have yielded mixed results. Further research is needed before a conclusion can be made. 

Cancer 

In preliminary clinical research, patients with head and neck cancers receiving radiotherapy had a better clinical outcome following zinc supplementation compared to those who did not take zinc. More high-quality research is needed to confirm these findings. 

Chronic prostatitis (prostate inflammation) 

Early studies suggest that zinc supplements taken with antibiotics may be more effective than antibiotics alone in reducing pain, urinary symptoms, quality of life, and maximum urethra closure pressure for patients with chronic prostatitis (prostate inflammation). Further research is needed to confirm these results. 

Cognitive function 

Based on one randomized controlled trial, zinc supplementation in younger adults (

Common cold 

There are conflicting results regarding the effect of zinc formulations in treating the duration and severity of common cold symptoms. Although zinc may be beneficial in the treatment of cold symptoms if taken at the onset of symptoms, more studies are needed to clarify which zinc formulations may be most effective, which rhinoviruses are affected by zinc, and if nasal sprays provide a useful alternative application route for zinc treatment. 

Diabetes 

Diabetic patients typically have significantly lower serum zinc levels compared with healthy controls. In early high-quality studies, zinc supplementation in type 2 diabetics may have beneficial effects in elevating serum zinc level and in improving glycemic control, shown by decreasing HbA 1c concentrations. 

Exercise performance 

Zinc may improve exercise performance in athletes with low serum zinc or zinc deficiencies. 

Safety

• Because of the potential for side effects and interactions with medications, you should take Zinc supplements only under the supervision of a knowledgeable health care provider.

• Research has shown that less than 40 mg a day is a safe amount to take over time, but researchers are not sure what happens if more is taken over a long period.

• Common side effects of zinc include stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, and a metallic taste in the mouth. High doses of zinc can cause dizziness, headache, drowsiness, increased sweating, and loss of muscle coordination, alcohol intolerance, hallucinations, and anemia.

• Very high doses of zinc may actually weaken immune function. High doses of zinc may also lower HDL ("good") cholesterol and raise LDL ("bad") cholesterol. 

Interactions you should know about

• If you are being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use zinc without first talking to your health care provider.

• Amiloride (Midamor) -- Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic (water pill) that may increase the levels of zinc in your blood. Do not take zinc supplements if you take amiloride.

• Blood pressure medications, ACE Inhibitors -- A class of medications called ACE inhibitors, used to treat high blood pressure, may decrease the levels of zinc in your blood. ACE inhibitors include: Benazepril (Lotensin), Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec), Fosinopril (Monopril), Lisinopril (Zestril), Moexipril (Univasc), Perindopril (Aceon), Quinapril (Accupril), Ramipril (Altace), Trandolapril (Mavik)

• Antibiotics -- Zinc may decrease your body's absorption of two kinds of antibiotics, quinolones and tetracyclines.

• Cisplatin (Platinol-AQ) -- This drug, used for chemotherapy to treat some types of cancers, may cause more zinc to be lost in your urine. If you are undergoing chemotherapy, do not take zinc or any other supplement without talking to your oncologist.

• Immunosuppressant medications -- Since zinc may make the immune system stronger, it should not be taken with corticosteroids (such as prednisone), cyclosporine, or other medications intended to suppress the immune system.

• Penicillamine -- This medication, used to treat Wilson's disease (where excess copper builds up in the brain, liver, kidney, and eyes) and rheumatoid arthritis, decreases the levels of zinc in your blood.

• Thiazide diuretics (water pills) -- These medications lower the amount of zinc in your blood by increasing the amount of zinc that is passed in your urine. If you take thiazide diuretics, your doctor will monitor levels of zinc and other important minerals in your blood:

• Zinc reduces the amount of copper your body absorbs, and high doses of zinc can cause a copper deficiency. For that reason, many doctors recommend that you take 2 mg of copper along with a zinc supplement.

• Supplemental but not dietary levels of iron may decrease zinc absorption. This interaction is of concern in the management of iron supplementation during pregnancy and lactation and has led some experts to recommend zinc supplementation for pregnant and lactating women taking more than 60 mg/day of elemental iron. 

Selected references

1. Al-Awadhi, A. M., Alfadhli, S. M., Al-Khaldi, D., et al. Investigation of the distribution of lymphocyte subsets and zinc levels in multitransfused beta-thalassemia major patients. Int.J Lab Hematol. 2010;32(2):191-196. 

2. Bao, B., Prasad, A. S., Beck, F. W., et al. Zinc decreases C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects: a potential implication of zinc as an atheroprotective agent. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(6):1634-1641.

3. Barbosa, E., Faintuch, J., Machado Moreira, E. A., et al. Supplementation of vitamin E, vitamin C, and zinc attenuates oxidative stress in burned children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Burn Care Res 2009;30(5):859-866.

4. Bhandari, N., Mazumder, S., Taneja, S., et al. Effectiveness of zinc supplementation plus oral rehydration salts compared with oral rehydration salts alone as a treatment for acute diarrhea in a primary care setting: a cluster randomized trial. Pediatrics 2008;121(5):e1279-e1285. 5. Cereda, E., Gini, A., Pedrolli, C., et al. Disease-specific, versus standard, nutritional support for the treatment of pressure ulcers in institutionalized older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr.Soc 2009;57(8):1395-1402. 

6. Hu, D., Sreenivasan, P. K., Zhang, Y. P., et al. The effects of a zinc citrate dentifrice on bacteria found on oral surfaces. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2010;8(1):47-53.

7. Iannotti, L. L., Zavaleta, N., Leon, Z., et al. Maternal zinc supplementation reduces diarrheal morbidity in peruvian infants. J Pediatr 2010;156(6):960-4, 964. 

8. Latva-Pukkila, U., Isolauri, E., and Laitinen, K. Dietary and clinical impacts of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2010;23(1):69-77. 

9. Lin, Y. S., Lin, L. C., and Lin, S. W. Effects of zinc supplementation on the survival of patients who received concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: follow-up of a double-blind randomized study with subgroup analysis. Laryngoscope 2009;119(7):1348-1352. 

10. Orsini, G., Procaccini, M., Manzoli, L., et al. A double-blind randomized-controlled trial comparing the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice containing carbonate/hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. J Clin Periodontol. 2010;37(6):510-517. 

11. Sawada, T. and Yokoi, K. Effect of zinc supplementation on mood states in young women: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010;64(3):331-333.

12. Shi, Z., Yuan, B., Qi, L., et al. Zinc intake and the risk of hyperglycemia among Chinese adults: the prospective Jiangsu Nutrition Study (JIN). J Nutr Health Aging 2010;14(4):332-335. 

I) Effects of zinc supplementation in patients with major depression: a randomized clinical trial.

Source

Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: 

Major depression is a mood disorder that causes changes in physical activity, appetite, sleep and weight. Regarding the role of zinc in the pathology of depression, the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of zinc supplementation in the treatment of this disease. 

METHODS: 

This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Forty four patients with major depression were randomly assigned to groups receiving zinc supplementation and placebo. Patients in Zinc group received daily supplementation with 25 mg zinc adjunct to antidepressant; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), while the patients in placebo group received placebo with antidepressants (SSRIs) for twelve weeks. Severity of depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory at baseline and was repeated at the sixth and twelfth weeks. ANOVA with repeated measure was used to compare and track the changes during the study. 

RESULTS: 

The mean score of Beck test decreased significantly in the zinc supplement group at the end of week 6 (P < 0.01) and 12 (P < 0.001) compared to the baseline. The mean score of Beck Depression Inventory reduced significantly compared to the placebo group at the end of 12th week (P < 0.05). 

CONCLUSION: 

The results of the present study indicate that zinc supplementation together with SSRIs antidepressant drug improves major depressive disorders more effectively in patients with placebo plus antidepressants (SSRIs). 

II) Inhibitory effect of high-dosage zinc oxide dietary supplementation on Campylobacter coli excretion in weaned piglets.

Source

Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 

ABSTRACT

AIMS: 

This study investigated the impact of zinc oxide (ZnO) on Campylobacter coli by in vivo and in vitro assays. 

METHODS AND RESULTS: 

By in vitro growth inhibition assays, a high susceptibility of Camp. coli against ZnO could be observed. At concentrations ≥2•6 mmol l(-1) ZnO, a decline in cell numbers occurred. Quantitative real-time PCR assays demonstrated an up-regulation of the main oxidative stress gene (katA) in response to ZnO treatment. The expression level of katA was increased by fivefold after ZnO treatment. An experiment was carried out in pigs to elucidate the impact of ZnO as feed supplement on Camp. coli faecal excretion. Feeding a high-dosage ZnO concentration (3100 mg kg(-1) ) to piglets significantly reduced the faecal excretion of Camp. coli by up to 1 log CFU g(-1) as compared to animals receiving a low (40 mg kg(-1) ) or medium (100 mg kg(-1) ) ZnO diet. 

CONCLUSION: 

In vitro assays showed a high susceptibility of Camp. coli against ZnO. Adding high levels of ZnO to the diet of weaned piglets reduced Camp. coli excretion significantly. There is evidence for the induction of an oxidative stress response by ZnO supplementation in Camp. coli. 

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: 

Supplementation of a high-dosage ZnO diet to piglets can reduce the Camp. coli load, potentially leading to a lower contamination risk of meat during slaughter. 

III) High dietary levels of biotin and zinc to improve health of foot pads in broilers exposed experimentally to litter with critical moisture content.

Source

Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany. 

ABSTRACT

Foot pad dermatitis (FPD) is a widespread problem in poultry production and constitutes a welfare issue. The objective of this study was to test potentially prophylactic effects of higher biotin and Zn levels in the diet of broilers exposed to critical litter moisture content (35% water) on the development of FPD. Two trials were performed in each 4 groups of 1-wk-old male broilers (Ross 708) during 33 d. The pens of all groups (25 birds in each) were littered with wood shavings of critical moisture content. Two groups were fed high levels of Zn as zinc-oxide (150 mg/kg of diet), with normal levels of biotin (300 µg/kg of diet) or high biotin (2,000 µg/kg of diet). The other 2 groups were fed Zn as zinc-methionine (150 mg/kg of diet), with normal levels of biotin (300 µg/kg of diet) or high biotin (2,000 µg/kg of diet). External assessment of foot pads and measurements the moisture contents of excreta and litter were performed weekly. The signs of foot pad lesions were recorded on a 7-point scale (0 = normal skin; 7 = more than half of the foot pad is necrotic). High biotin supplementation resulted in a reduction of 30 and 18% of cases of foot pad lesions in trials 1 and 2, respectively. The combination of Zn-methionine and high biotin supplementation led to a decreased severity of FPD in a range of about 50 and 30% in trials 1 and 2, respectively. In broilers fed the diet containing zinc-oxide and normal biotin levels about 28 and 24% of the birds had the scores of 6 and 7 (= high foot pad alterations), whereas in birds fed Zn-methionine and high biotin no high alterations (score = 7) in the foot pad (0%) occurred in either trial. The presented results suggest that it is advisable to combine the maximum levels of Zn (especially of Zn-methionine) and high levels of biotin when clinically relevant alterations in the foot pad occur. 

IV) Effects of zinc supplementation on efficacy of antidepressant therapy, inflammatory cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with major depression.

Source

Ranjbar E, Shams J, Sabetkasaei M, M-Shirazi M, Rashidkhani B, Mostafavi A, Bornak E, Nasrollahzadeh J. 

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: 

Zinc is found in abundance in the human brain. Patients with depression may have decreased consumption of food sources rich in zinc, and zinc supplementation may have a potential influence on depressive symptoms. However, clinical trials on the effect of zinc supplementation in depression are limited. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on efficacy of antidepressant therapy. Furthermore, the effect of zinc on plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-a (BDNF-a) were assessed. 

DESIGN: 

A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of zinc supplementation was conducted in patients with DSM-IV major depression. Forty-four patients of both sexes aged 18-55 years were recruited for this study from a university hospital. The zinc-supplemented group received zinc sulfate (25 mg elemental Zn/day) orally in addition to their selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants for 12 weeks. Symptoms were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) on arrival, weeks 6 and 12. Plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α and BDNF-a were measured at baseline and at the end of study. 

RESULTS: 

Twenty patients in zinc group and 17 patients in placebo groups completed the study. At baseline, there were no significant differences in any variable between the patients allocated to receive placebo and those taking zinc supplement. Zinc supplementation significantly reduced HDRS compared to placebo (P < 0.01 at 12th week). No significant differences were observed in plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and BDNF-a between zinc-supplemented and placebo-supplemented group. 

CONCLUSION: 

Zinc supplementation in conjunction with antidepressant drugs might be beneficial for reducing depressive symptoms. However, its effect does not appear to be mediated through impact of zinc on inflammatory processes.

V) Zinc deficiency associated with hypothyroidism: an overlooked cause of severe alopecia.

Source

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Government Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, India. 

ABSTRACT

Hypothyroidism is a common and well recognized cause of diffuse hair loss. Zinc and other trace elements such as copper and selenium are required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and deficiency of these can result in hypothyroidism. Conversely, thyroid hormones are essential for the absorption of zinc, and hence hypothyroidism can result in acquired zinc deficiency. The hair loss attributed to hypothyroidism may not improve with thyroxine unless zinc supplements are added, as demonstrated in our case.